Pressure vessels are enclosed containers designed to hold liquids or gases at pressures considerably higher or lower than ambient. They are widely used in various industries such as petrochemical, oil and gas, chemical, and food processing industries. Equipment such as reactors, flash drums, separators, and heat exchangers are examples of pressure vessels.
Types of Pressure Vessels
Pressure vessels may be classified according to their purpose or geometry.
Types of Pressure Vessels According to their purpose
The primary uses of pressure vessels are for Storage Vessels and Tanks, Heat Exchangers, Boilers and Process Vessels.
Storage Vessels and Tanks
Storage Vessels and Tanks are pressure vessels. They are typically manufactured with carbon steel, storage tanks are used for storing liquid and gases, under pressure, for common utilities such as fuel oil, natural gas(CNG), propane or liquified hydrogen.
Heat Exchangers
A very common type of pressure vessel are Heat Exchangers. Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. They are commonly used in the food, pharmaceutical, energy, and bioprocessing industries. Materials in a heat exchanger experience stress from the temperature difference of the hot and cold fluids, and the internal pressure containing the fluids.
Boilers
Boilers are heat transfer equipment that utilizes fuel, nuclear or electrical power as sources of heat. They are typically composed of an enclosed vessel that allows heat transfer from the source to the fluid. They are primarily used to heat liquids. The boiler vessel must have high strength to endure such high pressures and thermal stress. For the majority of materials, strength decreases with increasing temperature.
Process Vessels
Process vessels are a broad classification of pressure vessels. These are containers where industrial processes occur, such as mixing and agitation, decantation, distillation and mass separation, and chemical reaction. The change in the internal pressure of a process vessel depends on the nature of the process carried out and the transformation of the substances involved.
Types of Pressure Vessels According to its Geometry
Spherical Pressure Vessels:
Spherical pressure vessels are ideal for containing high-pressure fluids due to their strong structure. Spherical vessels will consume less amount of material than the cylindrical vessel if a pressure vessel of the same volume will be fabricated. The smaller surface area of the spherical vessel will also have less heat transfer from the hotter body compared to other shapes.
Cylindrical Pressure Vessels:
Cylindrical pressure vessels are composed of a cylindrical shell and a set of heads. Cylindrical pressure vessels are the most widely used vessel shape due to their versatility. They are much cheaper to produce than spherical vessels. However, they are generally weaker than spherical pressure vessels. They typically require thicker walls to achieve the same strength of spherical vessels bearing the same internal pressure.
The following are the types of pressure vessel heads:
Hemispherical heads are ideal in handling high-pressure fluids and enclosing large-diameter vessels because the pressure is distributed equally across the head‘s surface.
Torispherical heads are suitable for handling pressures less than 15 bars. They are the easiest and cheapest to fabricate among the heads. They are used for pressure vessels with height restrictions because of their flatter profile.
Ellipsoidal heads have a depth that is a fraction of the width of the head. This type of head is ideal for containing high-pressure gases due to its height-to-weight ratio. It can handle pressures greater than 15 bars. Ellipsoidal heads are resistant to pressure and have high overall strength, which makes them economical due to their reduced thickness requirement.
Pressure Vessels are used across various major industries due to their many potential applications.
These industrial machines can work with a wide range of materials, including:
Stainless steel
Inconel
Incoloy
Hastelloy
Monel
Carbon steel
Duplex
Super Duplex
Chrome-moly
Pressure vessels are widely used across all of the following industries:
Chemical
Biofuels
Food
Gas processing
Refining
Construction
Petrochemical
Water treatment
Aerospace
Power generation
Bebon Steel, we specialize in the fabrication of various types of pressure vessels and other pressurized parts. Our company has fabricated and installed high-quality steel equipment for decades, making us the experienced team you can trust.
If you're looking to partner with pressure vessel fabrication company that put quality and safety at the forefront, Bebon Steel is your choice fabricator. As a leading provider in Pressure vessels fabrication, we stand by our customers through every step of the fabrication process, from concept to completion.
For more information on our pressure vessel products and services, contact us today or request a quote.
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