Alloy steels comprise a wide variety of steels which have compositions that exceed the limitations of C, Mn, Ni, Mo, Cr, Va, Si, and B which have been set for carbon steels.
However, steels containing more than 3.99% chromium are classified differently as stainless and tool steels.
Alloy steels are always killed, but can use unique deoxidization or melting processes for specific applications.
Alloy steels are generally more responsive to heat and mechanical treatments than carbon steels.
Typically, alloy steels are designated by distinct AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) four-digit numbers.
The first two digits indicate the leading alloying elements, while the last two digits give the nominal carbon content of the alloy in hundredths of a percent.
Occasionally we see five-digit designations where the last three digits tell that the carbon is actually over 1%.
Element | Weight % |
C | 0.33-0.38 |
Mn | 1.60-1.90 |
P | 0.035 (max) |
S | 0.04 (max) |
Si | 0.15-0.30 |
Properties | Conditions | ||
T (°C) | Treatment | ||
Density (×1000 kg/m3) | 7.7-8.03 | 25 | |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 25 | |
Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 190-210 | 25 |
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