Heat treatment is a heat process for metals which places the metal material in the medium, then heats, cools and preserves heat to control the performance by changing the surface or internal microstructure. There are four fire in heat treatment. They are respectively annealing, quenching, tempering and normalizing.
Annealing: The workpiece is heated to the appropriate temperature, then cooled slowly according to the material and the workpiece dimensions using different soaking time. The purpose is to make the internal organization of metal close to equilibrium state, get a good process performance and the using performance.
Quenching: After heating and preserving heat, cool the workpiece fast in water, oil or other inorganic salts, organic aqueous solution quench medium.
Quenched steel hardening, but brittle.
Tempering: In order to reduce the brittleness of steel, preserve quenched steel heat for long time at a proper temperature between room temperature and 650 ℃, then cool. This process is called tempering.
Normalizing: Cool the workpiece in the air after being heated to a proper temperature. The effects of normalizing and annealing are similar, but the organization received a finer. Normalizing is commonly used to improve the cutting performance, sometimes also used for the final heat treatment.
For example,Fine-grain structural steel grades are characterised by a minimum yield strength of 275 - 460 MPa, by good weldability and high resistance to brittle cracking. Fine-grain structural steels are used above all for manufacturing vessels for pressurised gas (LPG, butane and propane tanks), pressure vessels, steam boiler parts, pressure piping, compressors etc.
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